Source: As worded by Indian Railways, Government of India

Yes, you can. Cloak Rooms and Safety Lockers are available at major stations where your luggage can be kept in safe custody.

But do remember, only luggage that has been locked will be accepted in the Cloak Rooms.

Your luggage, duly locked, can be kept in the Cloak Room for a maximum period of one month, on payment of prescribed charges.